МЕТОДЫ ОСТЕОСИНТЕЗА ГРУДИНЫ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ СРЕДИННОЙ СТЕРНОТОМИИ

Несостоятельность шва грудины после срединной стернотомии – это тяжелое кардиохирургическое осложнение, которое может привести не только к дискомфорту и дыхательной дисфункции, но и способствовать развитию поверхностной и медиастинальной инфекции, в итоге оказывая существенное влияние на выживание пациентов. В качестве интраоперационных факторов риска развития несостоятельности швов грудины немаловажное значение имеют методики остеосинтеза грудины и тип используемого шовного материала. С целью улучшения биомеханики дыхания и повышения качества жизни больных с послеоперационной нестабильностью грудины в отсутствие инфекции, а также больным с послеоперационным стерномедиастинитом (СМ) как завершающий этап лечения после купирования инфекционного процесса целесообразным является выполнение остеосинтеза грудины. С этой целью применяются различные шовные и скрепляющие материалы: распространен шов грудины стальной проволокой или полиэфирным материалом, однако из-за значительных механических усилий, сопровождающих движения грудной клетки, шовный материал часто прорезает ткани, что приводит к каскаду осложнений и необходимости повторных операций. Поэтому в настоящее время продолжают разрабатываться новые подходы и устройства для восстановления целостности грудины. В данном обзоре рассмотрены существующие на сегодняшний день методы стернального остеосинтеза, используемые в лечении и профилактике развития ос ложнений срединной стернотомии.

грудина, остеосинтез, диастаз грудины, стернотомия

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